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          分享一些 Chrome 浏览器的前端调试技巧
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        <p>转自<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://juejin.cn/post/6844903873279164423">分享一些 Chrome 浏览器的前端调试技巧</a></p>
<p>相信大部分前端同学都是用Chrome浏览器进行开发，这篇博客要分享的基本上是除了我们常用<code>console.log</code>之外的，Chrome开发者工具控制面板提供的调试方法~</p>
<p>首先在地址栏敲入：<code>about:blank</code> 创建一个空白页，再打开控制台~</p>
<p>开始操作演示~（多图预警！~~</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h2 id="1-关于console"><a href="#1-关于console" class="headerlink" title="1.关于console"></a>1.关于console</h2><p>关于console对象，其实提供了很丰富的API，可自查文档~</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421092735.webp" alt="img"></p>
<h2 id="2-关于Console控制面板"><a href="#2-关于Console控制面板" class="headerlink" title="2.关于Console控制面板"></a>2.关于Console控制面板</h2><p>以下示例方法只存在于Chrome控制台Console面板~在JavaScripts中写是没有的哦!</p>
<h3 id="2-1-家族"><a href="#2-1-家族" class="headerlink" title="2.1 $家族"></a>2.1 $家族</h3><h4 id="2-1-1"><a href="#2-1-1" class="headerlink" title="2.1.1 $_"></a>2.1.1 $_</h4><p>返回上一个被执行过的值~</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421092751.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p>虽说很类似于命令行里的<code>!!</code>，但是$_并不会再执行一次表达式，如下图可证：</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421092816.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p>如果之前的值没有保存在变量里，可以通过这个方法临时访问~（为什么说临时，因为当你执行完下一个表达式后，$_已经更新了哈）</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421092836.webp" alt="img"></p>
<h4 id="2-1-2-0-4"><a href="#2-1-2-0-4" class="headerlink" title="2.1.2 $0 - $4"></a>2.1.2 $0 - $4</h4><p>$0、$1、$2、$3、$4五个指令相当于在Elements面板最近选择过的五个引用。 比如我在Elements面板上随意点击了掘金网站上的五个DOM节点。从时间线上，$4是我第一个点击的。而$0是我第五个，也即是最后一个点击的。利用此方法可以快速在Console面板调试你选中的节点！</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421092915.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p>补充一下，还有点类似正则匹配~如下所示</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">function replacer(match, $1, $2, $3, $4, $5) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	return [$1, $2, $3, $4, $5].join(&#39; - &#39;);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">const str &#x3D; &#39;abc12345#$*%[hello]&#123;world&#125;&#39;</span><br><span class="line">    .replace(&#x2F;([^\d]*)(\d*)([^\w]*)(\[.*\])(\&#123;.*\&#125;)&#x2F;, replacer);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">console.log(str); &#x2F;&#x2F; abc - 12345 - #$*% - [hello] - &#123;world&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="2-1-3"><a href="#2-1-3" class="headerlink" title="2.1.3 $"></a>2.1.3 $</h4><p>类似于<code>document.querySelector()</code>。不过比较少为人知的应该是它的第二个参数。指定从哪个节点开始选择。有时候想减少范围时，尤其管用！</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421093041.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p>P.S. 函数签名<code>$(selector, [startNode])</code>。</p>
<h4 id="2-1-4"><a href="#2-1-4" class="headerlink" title="2.1.4 ?"></a>2.1.4 ?</h4><p>类似于<code>document.querySelectorAll()</code>，可参考同上。</p>
<p>P.S. 函数签名<code>?(selector, [startNode])</code></p>
<h4 id="2-1-5-x"><a href="#2-1-5-x" class="headerlink" title="2.1.5 $x"></a>2.1.5 $x</h4><p>根据XPath表达式去查找节点。如下图示例：</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421093112.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p>查找掘金站内所有含有href属性的a节点，然后遍历过滤含有http或https的节点~ 当然好像目前来说，大部分情况直接用<code>$</code>、<code>?</code>可以覆盖，说不定特殊情况下<code>$x</code>会很有用。有需要的同学可以了解学习一下~ XPath表达式规则可参考：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.w3school.com.cn/xpath/xpath_syntax.asp">XPath 语法</a></p>
<p>P.S. 函数签名<code>$x(selector, [startNode])</code></p>
<h3 id="2-2-API工具方法"><a href="#2-2-API工具方法" class="headerlink" title="2.2 API工具方法"></a>2.2 API工具方法</h3><p>以下方法同样只存在于Chrome控制台Console面板里，同学们请注意哦~</p>
<h4 id="2-2-1-keys-values"><a href="#2-2-1-keys-values" class="headerlink" title="2.2.1 keys/values"></a>2.2.1 keys/values</h4><p>见名知意。功能类似于<code>Object.keys</code>，<code>Object.values</code></p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421093147.webp" alt="img"></p>
<h4 id="2-2-2-monitor-unmonitor"><a href="#2-2-2-monitor-unmonitor" class="headerlink" title="2.2.2 monitor/unmonitor"></a>2.2.2 monitor/unmonitor</h4><p>用来观察函数调用的工具方法。在函数调用的时候，可以同步输出函数名以及参数。</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421093502.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p>当不再需要观察该函数时，调用unmonitor取消即可。</p>
<p>但是匿名函数不会生效，因为获取不到名字.</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421093522.webp" alt="img"></p>
<h4 id="2-2-3-monitorEvents-unmonitorEvents"><a href="#2-2-3-monitorEvents-unmonitorEvents" class="headerlink" title="2.2.3 monitorEvents/unmonitorEvents"></a>2.2.3 monitorEvents/unmonitorEvents</h4><p>可以观察对像的事件~</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421093533.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p>也可以同时观察对象的多个事件~</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421093546.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p>同样，使用unmonitorEvents取消观察。结合以上的$家族一起使用更便利哦</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421093559.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p>P.S. 函数签名：<code>monitorEvents(object[, events])</code></p>
<h4 id="2-2-4-copy"><a href="#2-2-4-copy" class="headerlink" title="2.2.4 copy"></a>2.2.4 copy</h4><p>快速拷贝一个对象为字符串表示方式到剪切板~</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421095229.webp" alt="img"></p>
<h4 id="2-2-5-getEventListeners"><a href="#2-2-5-getEventListeners" class="headerlink" title="2.2.5 getEventListeners"></a>2.2.5 getEventListeners</h4><p>获取注册到一个对象上的所有事件监听器~</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421095255.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p>其实还有内置的inspect、debug/undebug等方法，大家可以自行搜索，都很有用<del>这里就不一一介绍了</del></p>
<h2 id="3-关于断点调试"><a href="#3-关于断点调试" class="headerlink" title="3.关于断点调试"></a>3.关于断点调试</h2><p>断点调试十分重要，以往我们可能直接在代码里添加debugger，然后刷新浏览器调试。实际上除了这种方法外还有很多种断点。</p>
<h3 id="3-1-DOM-breakpoint"><a href="#3-1-DOM-breakpoint" class="headerlink" title="3.1 DOM breakpoint"></a>3.1 DOM breakpoint</h3><p>在Elements面板，右键点击节点唤出菜单，添加对应的DOM断点，可以监测指定节点的子树修改、属性修改、以及节点的移除。</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421095332.webp" alt="img"></p>
<h3 id="3-2-Source-breakpoint"><a href="#3-2-Source-breakpoint" class="headerlink" title="3.2 Source breakpoint"></a>3.2 Source breakpoint</h3><p>有时候无需在源码中添加debugger。直接在Source面板添加断点即可调试。见下图行号上的小蓝色箭头！</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421095355.webp" alt="img"></p>
<h3 id="3-3-Conditional-breakpoint"><a href="#3-3-Conditional-breakpoint" class="headerlink" title="3.3 Conditional breakpoint"></a>3.3 Conditional breakpoint</h3><p>条件断点。只有符合条件时，才会触发断点。见下图行号上的小橙色箭头！</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421095748.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421095805.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421095819.webp" alt="img"></p>
<p>除此之外，还有blackbox、XHR(fetch) breakpoint等各种Chrome提供的工具，建议同学们多去了解一下，说不定关键时候可以发挥很大的作用~</p>
<h2 id="4-小技巧"><a href="#4-小技巧" class="headerlink" title="4.小技巧"></a>4.小技巧</h2><p>如果找不到对应的指令，可以在控制台使用快捷键Ctrl + Shift + P。MacOS的话就是Command + Shift + P（这个和编辑器是一样的道理）。快速搜索你想要的控制面板工具~</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/huxingyi1997/my_img/img/20210421095831.webp" alt="img"></p>
<h2 id="小结"><a href="#小结" class="headerlink" title="小结"></a>小结</h2><p>其实长久以来，我也一直只会用console.log和简单的debugger来调试Web应用，有时候遇到复杂的问题时，匮乏的调试方法种类难以快速定位问题，从而降低工作效率。因此针对此类情况，学习如何更好的调试相信是会对工作有极大的帮助！</p>
<p>最后，欢迎同学们补充或指正这些调试工具方法~</p>
<p>当然，对大家如有帮助，不甚荣幸~</p>

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